TURKEY, Texas - Craig Chancellor tried everything he could, but last November he finally closed the Turkey General Store, leaving the small Texas Panhandle town without a grocery.

Although Chancellor tried to trim overhead and relocated a small cafe he owned into the store, he couldn't make it work. He paid more for salaries and utilities than he made in sales, and finally, lost more than he could afford.

"It didn't play the way we wanted it to," the 48-year-old Chancellor said. "People understand why we had to do it, but they hate it."

Researchers said Chancellor's story is being repeated across the country as rural stores struggle to survive amid competition from distant supercenters and relatively high operating costs. The grocery industry and government don't keep statistics on rural store closures, but experts said a long-running trend seems to be picking up speed. A survey by Kansas State University backed up that belief, finding that more than 38 percent of the 213 groceries in Kansas towns of less than 2,500 closed between 2006 and 2009.

It isn't just a store that goes when groceries close, said David Proctor, who studies rural communities at Kansas State. Such closures rob towns of their vitality, with the loss of gathering places and sales tax revenue to fund local governments.

Once such businesses begin closing, small communities can find themselves in downward spirals, said Kathie Starkweather of the Lyon, Neb.-based Center for Rural Affairs.

"If you start to lose something key like a grocery store, people aren't likely to move there if they don't have access to food," she said.

But Lois Wright Morton, who studies rural communities at Iowa State University, said one reason local markets fail is because residents often prefer to drive to bigger cities with a Walmart, Target or other large store. Shoppers are attracted by generally lower prices and larger inventories.

Another problem for rural grocers, Chancellor said, is that they don't have the economies of scale that bigger stores have and they often can't get food distributors to deliver relatively small orders. He said he couldn't get anyone to deliver bread, so he had to either meet a distributor in a nearby town or buy bread at Sam's Club in Lubbock or Amarillo - the two largest cities in West Texas.

Closures of stores such as his, though, can be particularly hard for elderly and other people who can't drive long distances to big markets.

The 640-some residents of Minneola, Kan. now have to drive about 40 miles roundtrip for food since its store closed. The town's mayor, Carol Sibley, shops for three relatives in their 90s and watches with worry as some elderly residents shuffle across a busy highway to pick up provisions at the only remaining food seller - a gas station convenience store.

"They are just trying to survive and go after groceries," said Sibley whose town boasts of amenities such as a hospital, a nursing home, a bank, a newspaper and a pharmacy.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture calls areas with little access to affordable and nutritious groceries "food deserts."

Thirteen percent of the nation's more than 3,100 counties qualified as food deserts 10 years ago, with most of them in a band of rural areas stretching from Montana to North Dakota and then south to West Texas, according to a 2007 study done by Morton and Troy Blanchard, a Louisiana State University sociology professor.

Farmers markets can help, but crops grown in those communities are often commodities like cotton, not fruits and vegetables, Proctor said.

The federal government is trying to ease the situation with the Healthy Food Financing Initiative. The departments of Treasury, Agriculture and Health and Human Services have proposed spending $400 million a year to bring grocery stores and other healthy food retailers to underserved urban and rural communities to eliminate food deserts within seven years. It isn't clear yet how the money will be split between urban and rural areas.